Composición, estructura, densidad y aspectos socio-ecológicos de bandadas mixtas de aves de sotobosque y dosel en una parcela de 100 ha, Parque Nacional Yasuní, Amazonia Ecuatoriana

Abstract

During a period of ten years (2001- 2011) in Yasuni National Park, in Ecuadorian Amazon, several scientists observed flocks of mixed species of birds in understory and canopy a plot of 100 ha divided in quadrats of 100 x 100 m in order to locate and establish the position of each flock. Each scientist worked in a plot of 25 ha which resulted in the analysis of a total of 100 ha with 15 understorey flocks with 143 species and 4 canopy flocks with 94 species. Two species act as leaders, Thamnomanes caesius (Cinereous Antshrike, Thamnophilidae), as principal, and T. ardesiacus (Dusky-throated Antshrike, Thamnophilidae) as sub-líder in understorey flocks, whereas in canopy flocks Lanio fulvus (Fulvous Shrike-Tanager, Thraupidae) and Myiopagis caniceps (Gray Elaenia, Tyrannidae) lead the group. Details are presented on the occurrence as nuclear, frequent, occasional and accidental species. Five families of the birds participating in under-storey flocks are the most important: Thamnophilidae with 26 species, Furnariidae, Thraupidae, Tyrannidae, each with 11 species; and Dendrocolaptidae with 10 species. The families with the greatest diversity of species of canopy flocks are: Thraupidae with 23 species, Tyrannidae with 18 species; and, Picidae with 11 species; they form 53 % of the diversity of the species participating in these flocks