Detection of alkaloids in the skin of four Ecuadorian amphibian species (Anura: Dendrobatidae)
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Abstract
The Dendrobatidae family comprises the poisonous frogs. Most of them have aposematic coloration and alkaloids in the skin. The alkaloids produced by these amphibians are extraordinarily toxic and they have very interesting chemical and pharmacological characteristics. Alkaloid extraction was accomplished through a maceration process with methanol and an acid/base partitioning. The analysis of the purified samples was performed by chromatography of gases with mass detector (CG-MS). In this study 25 class of alkaloids were identified, and 40 were classified based on literature reports. Furthermore five new alkaloids, not isolated previously, were detected.
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Cipriani I, Rivera M. Detection of alkaloids in the skin of four Ecuadorian amphibian species (Anura: Dendrobatidae). REMCB [Internet]. 2017Jul.10 [cited 2024Jul.3];30(1-2):42-9. Available from: https://remcb-puce.edu.ec/remcb/article/view/72
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Artículos Científicos
References
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DALY JOHN. 1995 “The Chemistry of Poisons in Amphibian Skin”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92(1):9–13.
DALY J. W., KARLE I., MYERS C. W.,TOKUYAMA T, WATER J. A. AND WIT-KOP B. 1971. Histrionicotoxins: Roentgen-Ray Analysis of the Novel Allenic and acetylenic Spiroalkaloids Isolated from a Colombian Frog, Dendrobates histrionicus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 68(8):1870–1875.
DALY JW, MYERS CW, WHITTAKER N.1987, Further classification of skin alkaloids from neotropical poison frogs (Dendrobatidae), with a general survey oftoxic/noxious substances in the amphibia.Toxicon 25(10):1023-95.
DAILY J. W., SPANDE T. F., GARRAFFOH. M. 2005. Alkaloids from AmphibianSkin: A Tabulation of Over Eight Hundred Compounds. Journal of Natural Products68:1556-1575.
PROAÑO C. Y RIVERA M. 2005. La pielde las ranas: Un verdadero arsenal químico,Nuestra Ciencia 8:35-38.
DAILY J. W, GARRAFFO H. M., SPANDET. F. 1993. Amphibian Alkaloids. The Alka-loids 43:185-287.
SANTOS J. C., COLOMA L. A., CANNA-TELLA D. C. 2003. Multiple, RecurringOrigins of Aposematism and Diet Specialization in Poison Frogs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100:12792-12797.
SPANDE T. F., GARRAFFO H. M.,EDWARDS M.W., YEH H. J. C., PAN-NELL L., DALY J. 1992. Epibatidine: a novel (chloropyridyl) azabicycloheptane with potent analgesic activity from an Ecuadorian poison frog. Journal of the American Chemical Society 114(9):3475–3478.
FISHER M., HUANGFU D., SHEN T.Y., GUYENET P.G. 1994. Epibatidine, AnAlkaloid From Poison Frog Epipedobatestricolor, Is a Powerful Ganglionic Depolari-zing Agent. The Journal of Pharmacological and Experimental Therapeutics 270(2):702-707.
DARST C. R., MENDEZ-GUERRERO P.A., COLOMA L. A., CANNATELLA D. C.2005. Evolution of Dietary Specialization Chemical Defense in Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae): A Comparative Analysis. The American Naturalist 165:56-69.
DAILY J. W., GARRAFFO H. M., MYERSC. W. 1997. The Origin of Frog Skin Alka-loids: An Enigma. Pharmaceutical News4:9-13.
RON, S. R., J. M. GUAYASAMIN, L. A.COLOMA, Y P. MENÉNDEZ-GUERRE-RO., 2008. Lista Roja de los Anfibios deEcuador. [en línea]. Ver. 1.0 (2 de mayo2008). Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Uni-versidad Católica del Ecuador. Quito, Ecua-dor.
DALY JOHN. 1995 “The Chemistry of Poisons in Amphibian Skin”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92(1):9–13.
DALY J. W., KARLE I., MYERS C. W.,TOKUYAMA T, WATER J. A. AND WIT-KOP B. 1971. Histrionicotoxins: Roentgen-Ray Analysis of the Novel Allenic and acetylenic Spiroalkaloids Isolated from a Colombian Frog, Dendrobates histrionicus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 68(8):1870–1875.