Diversity of the genus Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in the Papallacta páramo, Pichincha, Ecuador
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Abstract
This study was conducted in forests of Polylepis located between 3 700 and 4 000 m above sea level. These ecosystems are threatened by fragmentation from deforestation. As fragmentation increases and the amount of remaining habitat decreases, the ecosystem diversity may be reduced. We selected three forest patches of Polylepis. In each patch we established a transect of 120 m divided into seven sampling sites. We captured 572 individuals belonging to eight species of the genus Drosophila. One of the patches had the highest abundance and greater diversity of fruit flies and plants. We did not capture cosmopolitan species in any of the patches, indicating that these forests are in good condition. However an alternative explanation could be that the low temperatures of the páramo are acting as a barrier to dispersal of cosmopolitan species from lower elevations and other locations.
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Figuero ML, Rafael V. Diversity of the genus Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in the Papallacta páramo, Pichincha, Ecuador. REMCB [Internet]. 2017Aug.14 [cited 2024May18];34(1-2):151-65. Available from: https://remcb-puce.edu.ec/remcb/article/view/241
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Artículos Científicos
References
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Acurio AE y Rafael VL. 2009. Inventario taxonómico de Drosophilidae (Diptera) en el parque Nacional Yasuní, Amazonía Ecuatoriana. Acta Amazo-nica,39(3): 713−718.
Alves da Mata R, McGeoch M y Tidon R. 2008. Drosophilid assemblages as a bioindicator system of human disturbance in the Brazilian Savanna. Biodiversity and Conservation,17: 2899−2916.
Andersen AN. 1997. Using Ants as bioindicators: Multiscale Issues in Ant Community Ecology. Conservation Ecology,1(1), 8. Página de Internet: http://www.consecol.org/vol1/iss1/art8/ Consultada diciembre-2012
Aragundi S, Hamrick JL y Parker KC. 2010. Genetic insights into the historical distribution of Polylepispauta (Rosaceae) in the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador. Conservation Genetics, DOI:10.1007/s10592-010-0165-x
Becker T. 1919. Diptères brachycères. Mission du service géographique de l’armée. Mesure d’un arc de méridien équatorial en Amérique du sud,10(2): 143−211.
Bonada N, Prat N, Resh V y Statzner B. 2006. Developments in aquatic insect biomonitoring: A comparative analysis of recent approaches. Annual Review of Entomology,51: 495−523.
Brake I y Bächli G. 2008. World catalogue of insects. Volume 9. Drosophilidae (Diptera). Apollo Books. Stenstrup, Denmark. 412 pp.Bustamante R y Grez AA. 1995. Consecuencias ecológicas de la fragmentación de los bosques nativos. Ambiente y desarrollo,11(2): 58−63.
Cavasini R, Mateus RP y Tunes BML. 2008. Caracterização da assembléia de Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) em dois fragmentos florestais na região sul do Brasil. Revista Eletrônica Lato Sensu,3(1). Página de Internet: http://www.unicentro.br. Consultada diciembre-2012.
Céspedes D y Rafael V. 2012. Cuatro especies nuevas del grupo de especies Drosophilamesophragmatica(Diptera, Drosophilidae) de Los Andes ecuatorianos. Iheringia, Série Zoologia,102(1): 71−79.
Cierjacks A, Wesche K y Hensen I. 2007. Potential lateral expansion of Polylepis forest fragments in central Ecuador. Forest Ecology and Management,242: 477−486.
Dillon M, Wang G, Garrity P y Huey R. 2009. Thermal preference in Drosophila. Review. Journal of Thermal Biology,34: 109−119.
Dillon M y Frazier M. 2006. Drosophila melanogaster locomotion in cold thin air. The Journal of Experimental Biology,209: 364−371.
Ellenberg H. 1979. Man ́s Influence on Tropical Mountain Ecosystems in South America: The Second Tansley Lecture. The Journal of Ecology,67(2): 401−416.
Ferreira LB y Tidon R. 2005. Colonizing po-tential of Drosophilidae (Insecta, Diptera) in environments with different grades of urbanization. Biodiversity and Conservation,14: 1809−1821.
Figuero ML, Rafael V y Céspedes D. 2012. Grupo Drosophila asiri (Diptera, Drosophilidae) un nuevo grupo de especies andinas, con la descripción de dos nuevas especies y la redescripción de Drosophila asiri. Iheringia, Série Zoologia,102(1): 33−42.
Figuero ML y Rafael V. 2011. Dos nuevas especies del grupo Drosophila ony-cophora, (Diptera, Drosophilidae) en los bosques de Polylepis de Papallacta, Pichincha, Ecuador. Iheringia, Série Zoologia,101(4): 342−349.
Gottschalk MS, De Toni DC, Valente VLS y Hofmann PRP. 2007. Changes in Brazilian Drosophilidae (Diptera) assemblages across an urbanisation gradient. Neotropical entomology, 36(6) Londrina.
Grez AA y Zaviezo T. 2002. Efectos inmediatos de la fragmentación del hábitat sobre la abundancia de insectos en alfalfa. Ciencia e Investigación Agraria,29(1): 29−34.
Hoffmann AA. 2010. Physiological climatic limits in Drosophila: patterns and implications. The Journal of Experimental Biology,213: 870−880.
INAMHI. 2009. Datos de pluviosidad en la estación AMAZNOR (Papallacta). Ecuador. Datos proporcionados por el Dr. Raúl Quiñones S.
James A, Azevdo R y Partridge L. 1997. Ge-netic and Environmental Responses to Temperature of Drosophila mela-nogaster from a Latitudinal Cline. Genetics,146: 881−890.
Kessler M. 2006. Bosques de Polylepis. Botánica Económica de Los Andes Centrales. Ed.: M. Moraes R., B. Øllgaard, L. P. Kvist, F. Borchsenius y H. Balslev. Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz. p.110−120.
Kessler M. 2002. The “Polylepis Problem”: Where do we stand? Ecotropica,8: 97−110.
Magurran AE. 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell. Oxford. 256 pp.
Mateus RP, Buschini, M.L.T. y Sene F.M. 2006. The Drosophila community in Xerophytic vegetations of the upper Parana-Paraguay River Basin. Brazilian Journal of Biology,66(2B): 719−729.
Medeiros HF y Klaczko LB. 2004. How Many Species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) remain to be described in the forest of São Paulo, Brazil? Species List of Three Forest Remnants. Biota Neotropica,4(1).Meyer CL y Sisk TD. 2001. Butterfly Response to Microclimatic Conditions Follow-ing Ponderosa Pine Restoration. Res-toration Ecology,9(4): 453−461.
Mittermeier RA, Gil PR y Mittermeier CG. 1997. Megadiversity: Earth’s Biologically Wealthiest Nations. Conservation International, Cemex.
Rafael V. 2007. Drosophila malerkotlinay Zaprionus indianus (Diptera, Drosophilidae) invaden poblaciones ecuatorianas de Drosophila. Revista Ecuatoriana de Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas, 28(1 y 2): 30−43.
Rafael V y Vela D. 2000. Drosophila distribution in Ecuador. Drosophila Information Service,83: 85−88.
Shorrocks B. 1972. Invertebrate Types. Drosophila. Ginn & Company. Perga-mon Press, London, England. 144 pp.
Tidon R.2006. Relationships between Drosophilids (Diptera, Drosophilidae) and the environment in two contrasting tropical vegetations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,87: 233−247.
Van der Linde K y Sevenster J. 2002. Drosophiladiversity over a disturbance gradient. Proceedings Experimental and Applied Entomology,13: 51−56.
Vela D y Rafael V.2005. Catorce nuevas especies del género Drosophila(Diptera, Drosophilidae) en el bosque húmedo montano del Volcán Pasochoa, Pichincha, Ecuador. Revista Ecuatoriana de Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas,27: 27−41.
Vela D y Rafael V. 2003. Estudios sobre la Diversidad del Género Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) en el Bosque Pasochoa de la provincia de Pichincha-Ecuador. Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador,71: 117−127.
Acurio AE y Rafael VL. 2009. Inventario taxonómico de Drosophilidae (Diptera) en el parque Nacional Yasuní, Amazonía Ecuatoriana. Acta Amazo-nica,39(3): 713−718.
Alves da Mata R, McGeoch M y Tidon R. 2008. Drosophilid assemblages as a bioindicator system of human disturbance in the Brazilian Savanna. Biodiversity and Conservation,17: 2899−2916.
Andersen AN. 1997. Using Ants as bioindicators: Multiscale Issues in Ant Community Ecology. Conservation Ecology,1(1), 8. Página de Internet: http://www.consecol.org/vol1/iss1/art8/ Consultada diciembre-2012
Aragundi S, Hamrick JL y Parker KC. 2010. Genetic insights into the historical distribution of Polylepispauta (Rosaceae) in the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador. Conservation Genetics, DOI:10.1007/s10592-010-0165-x
Becker T. 1919. Diptères brachycères. Mission du service géographique de l’armée. Mesure d’un arc de méridien équatorial en Amérique du sud,10(2): 143−211.
Bonada N, Prat N, Resh V y Statzner B. 2006. Developments in aquatic insect biomonitoring: A comparative analysis of recent approaches. Annual Review of Entomology,51: 495−523.
Brake I y Bächli G. 2008. World catalogue of insects. Volume 9. Drosophilidae (Diptera). Apollo Books. Stenstrup, Denmark. 412 pp.Bustamante R y Grez AA. 1995. Consecuencias ecológicas de la fragmentación de los bosques nativos. Ambiente y desarrollo,11(2): 58−63.
Cavasini R, Mateus RP y Tunes BML. 2008. Caracterização da assembléia de Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) em dois fragmentos florestais na região sul do Brasil. Revista Eletrônica Lato Sensu,3(1). Página de Internet: http://www.unicentro.br. Consultada diciembre-2012.
Céspedes D y Rafael V. 2012. Cuatro especies nuevas del grupo de especies Drosophilamesophragmatica(Diptera, Drosophilidae) de Los Andes ecuatorianos. Iheringia, Série Zoologia,102(1): 71−79.
Cierjacks A, Wesche K y Hensen I. 2007. Potential lateral expansion of Polylepis forest fragments in central Ecuador. Forest Ecology and Management,242: 477−486.
Dillon M, Wang G, Garrity P y Huey R. 2009. Thermal preference in Drosophila. Review. Journal of Thermal Biology,34: 109−119.
Dillon M y Frazier M. 2006. Drosophila melanogaster locomotion in cold thin air. The Journal of Experimental Biology,209: 364−371.
Ellenberg H. 1979. Man ́s Influence on Tropical Mountain Ecosystems in South America: The Second Tansley Lecture. The Journal of Ecology,67(2): 401−416.
Ferreira LB y Tidon R. 2005. Colonizing po-tential of Drosophilidae (Insecta, Diptera) in environments with different grades of urbanization. Biodiversity and Conservation,14: 1809−1821.
Figuero ML, Rafael V y Céspedes D. 2012. Grupo Drosophila asiri (Diptera, Drosophilidae) un nuevo grupo de especies andinas, con la descripción de dos nuevas especies y la redescripción de Drosophila asiri. Iheringia, Série Zoologia,102(1): 33−42.
Figuero ML y Rafael V. 2011. Dos nuevas especies del grupo Drosophila ony-cophora, (Diptera, Drosophilidae) en los bosques de Polylepis de Papallacta, Pichincha, Ecuador. Iheringia, Série Zoologia,101(4): 342−349.
Gottschalk MS, De Toni DC, Valente VLS y Hofmann PRP. 2007. Changes in Brazilian Drosophilidae (Diptera) assemblages across an urbanisation gradient. Neotropical entomology, 36(6) Londrina.
Grez AA y Zaviezo T. 2002. Efectos inmediatos de la fragmentación del hábitat sobre la abundancia de insectos en alfalfa. Ciencia e Investigación Agraria,29(1): 29−34.
Hoffmann AA. 2010. Physiological climatic limits in Drosophila: patterns and implications. The Journal of Experimental Biology,213: 870−880.
INAMHI. 2009. Datos de pluviosidad en la estación AMAZNOR (Papallacta). Ecuador. Datos proporcionados por el Dr. Raúl Quiñones S.
James A, Azevdo R y Partridge L. 1997. Ge-netic and Environmental Responses to Temperature of Drosophila mela-nogaster from a Latitudinal Cline. Genetics,146: 881−890.
Kessler M. 2006. Bosques de Polylepis. Botánica Económica de Los Andes Centrales. Ed.: M. Moraes R., B. Øllgaard, L. P. Kvist, F. Borchsenius y H. Balslev. Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz. p.110−120.
Kessler M. 2002. The “Polylepis Problem”: Where do we stand? Ecotropica,8: 97−110.
Magurran AE. 2004. Measuring Biological Diversity. Blackwell. Oxford. 256 pp.
Mateus RP, Buschini, M.L.T. y Sene F.M. 2006. The Drosophila community in Xerophytic vegetations of the upper Parana-Paraguay River Basin. Brazilian Journal of Biology,66(2B): 719−729.
Medeiros HF y Klaczko LB. 2004. How Many Species of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) remain to be described in the forest of São Paulo, Brazil? Species List of Three Forest Remnants. Biota Neotropica,4(1).Meyer CL y Sisk TD. 2001. Butterfly Response to Microclimatic Conditions Follow-ing Ponderosa Pine Restoration. Res-toration Ecology,9(4): 453−461.
Mittermeier RA, Gil PR y Mittermeier CG. 1997. Megadiversity: Earth’s Biologically Wealthiest Nations. Conservation International, Cemex.
Rafael V. 2007. Drosophila malerkotlinay Zaprionus indianus (Diptera, Drosophilidae) invaden poblaciones ecuatorianas de Drosophila. Revista Ecuatoriana de Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas, 28(1 y 2): 30−43.
Rafael V y Vela D. 2000. Drosophila distribution in Ecuador. Drosophila Information Service,83: 85−88.
Shorrocks B. 1972. Invertebrate Types. Drosophila. Ginn & Company. Perga-mon Press, London, England. 144 pp.
Tidon R.2006. Relationships between Drosophilids (Diptera, Drosophilidae) and the environment in two contrasting tropical vegetations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,87: 233−247.
Van der Linde K y Sevenster J. 2002. Drosophiladiversity over a disturbance gradient. Proceedings Experimental and Applied Entomology,13: 51−56.
Vela D y Rafael V.2005. Catorce nuevas especies del género Drosophila(Diptera, Drosophilidae) en el bosque húmedo montano del Volcán Pasochoa, Pichincha, Ecuador. Revista Ecuatoriana de Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas,27: 27−41.
Vela D y Rafael V. 2003. Estudios sobre la Diversidad del Género Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) en el Bosque Pasochoa de la provincia de Pichincha-Ecuador. Revista de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador,71: 117−127.