Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of Phytophthora andina from tree tomato in Ecuador
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Published:
Nov 18, 2019
Keywords:
Blight, mitochondrial DNA, Solanum betaceum, restriction enzymes
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Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA haplotype of 131 pure cultures of Phytophthora andina collected from tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) in several provinces in Ecuador was determined. The P2 and P4 regions of the mtDNA were amplified, and the PCR products obtained were digested with MspI and EcoRI restriction enzymes. All isolates analyzed showed a band pattern corresponding to the Ia haplotype for P. infestans, that is, bands of sizes 720 and 350 bp with MspI (P2 region) and bands of sizes 394, 361 and 309 bp with EcoRI (P4 region). However, additional bands that have not been reported previously were also consistently observed in all isolates analyzed. For the P2 region, additional bands of 400 and 500 bp and an undigested fragment of 1070 bp were obtained, and for the P4 region, additional bands of 603 and 755 bp in addition to an undigested fragment of 964 bp. Finding new band patterns in a consistent manner for all analyzed isolates of P. andina suggests that the description of haplotype Ia assigned to P. andina from tree tomato should be redefined.
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Ordoñez ME, Flores-Garcés D, Chacón G. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of Phytophthora andina from tree tomato in Ecuador. REMCB [Internet]. 2019Nov.18 [cited 2024Jul.3];40(2). Available from: https://remcb-puce.edu.ec/remcb/article/view/764
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References
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Blair JE, Coffey MD, Martin FN. 2012. Species tree estimation for the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, and close relatives. PLoS One. 7, e37003.
Bohs L. 2007. Phylogeny of the Cyphomandra Clade of the Genus Solanum (Solanaceae) Based on ITS Sequence Data. Taxon. 56(4):1012. doi:10.2307/25065901
Caten C, Jinks J. 1968. Spontaneous variability of single isolates of Phytophthora infestans. I. Cultural variation. Canadian Journal of Botany. 46(4):329- 348. https://doi.org/10.1139/b68-055
Carter DA, Archer SA, Buck KW. 1990. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA of Phytophthora infestans. Mycol. Res. 94:1123-1128.
Chacón Acosta MG. 2007. Variability of Phytophthora infestans sensu lato in the highland tropics of Ecuador. Zurich, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute ofTechnology Zurich, PhD thesis.
Encuesta de Superficie y Producción Agropecuaria Continua - ESPAC 2016. (2016). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos – INEC. Recuperado de: http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/estadisticas- agropecuarias-2/
Flier WG, Grunwald NJ, Kroon LPNM, van den Bosch GBM, Garay-Serrano E, et al. 2002 Phytophthora ipomoeae sp. nov., a new homothallic species causing leaf blight on Ipomoea longipedunculata in the Toluca Valley of central Mexico. Mycological Research. 106:848-856.
Forbes GA, Ristaino JB, Oliva RF, Flier W. 2012. A rebuttal to the letter to the editor concerning ‘Defining species boundaries in the genus Phytophthora: the case of Phytophthora andina’. Plant Pathology. 61:221–223.
Forbes GA, Morales JG, Restrepo S, et al. 2013. Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora andina on Solanaceous hosts in South America. In: Lamour K (ed), Phytophthora: a global perspective: 48–58. CABI Plant Protection Series, No. 2, UK.
Forbes GA, Gamboa S, Lindqvist-Kreuze H, Oliva RF, Perez W. 2016. Identification of an A2 population of Phythophthora andina attacking tree tomato in Peru indicates a risk of sexual reproduction in this pathosystem. Plant Pathology. 65(7):1109-1117. doi:10.1111/ppa.12531
Galindo J, Hohl HR. 1985. Phytophthora mirabilis, a new species of Phytophthora. Sydowia 38:87-96.
Gomez-Alpizar L, Hu CH, Oliva R, et al. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of Phytophthora andina, a new species from the highlands of Ecuador thatis closely related to the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Mycologia. 100:590–602.
Goss EM, Cardenas ME, Myers K, et al. 2011. The plant pathogen Phytophthora andina emerged via hybridization of an unknown Phytophthora species and the Irish potato famine pathogen, P. infestans. PLoS One. 6:e24543.
Griffith GW, Shaw DS. 1998. Polymorphism in Phytophthora infestans: Four mitochondrial haplotypes are detected after PCR amplification of DNA from pure cultures or from host lesions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 64(10):4007-4014.
Kroon L, Bakker F,Vanden Bosch G, Bonants P,Flier W. 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of Phytophthora species based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 41(8):766- 782. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2004.03.007
Martin FN, Blair JE, Coffey MD. 2014. A combined mitochondrial and nuclear multilocus phylogeny of the genus Phytophthora. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 66: 9–32.
Martin MD, Vieira FG, et al. 2015. Genomic characterization of a South American Phytophthora hybrid mandates reassessment of the geographic origins of Phytophthora infestans. Mol. Biol. Evo. 33(2):479-491. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv241
Martin, F. N., Zhang, Y., Cooke, D. E., Coffey, M. D., Grünwald, N. J., Fry, W. E. 2019. Insights into evolving global populations of Phytophthora infestans via new complementary mtDNA haplotype markers and nuclear SSRs. PloS One. 14(1), e0208606.
Mideros MF, Turissini DA, Guayazán N, Ibarra- Avila H, Danies G, et al. 2018. Phytophthora betacei, a new species within Phytophthora clade 1c causing late blight on Solanum betaceum in Colombia. Persoonia: Molecular phylogeny and evolution of fungi. 41:39-55.
Morales J. 2002. Diagnóstico agro socio económico del cultivo de tomate de árbol (Solanum betacea Sendt.) en cuatro provinciasde la sierra ecuatoriana (Imbabura, Pichincha, Tungurahua y Azuay). Tesis de Grado Universidad Central del Ecuador. Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas.
Oliva RF, Kroon LPNM, Chacón G, et al. 2010. Phytophthora andina sp. nov., a newly identified heterothallic pathogen of solanaceous hosts in the Andean highlands. Plant Pathology 59:613–625.
Ordoñez ME, Hohl HR, Velasco JA, Ramon MP, Oyarzun PJ, et al. 2000. A novel population of Phytophthora, similar to P. infestans, attacks wild Solanum species in Ecuador. Phytopathology. 90:197-202. doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.2.197.
Revelo J, Mora E, Reyes M. 2004a. Comportamiento de genotipos comerciales de tomate de árbol a las enfermedades nudo de la raíz, antracnosis del fruto, tizón tardío y mancha negra del tronco. Plegable de divulgación No. 228. INIAP, Promsa.
Revelo J, Pérez E, Maila MV. 2004b. Cultivo ecológico del tomate de árbol en Ecuador: Texto de consulta del estudiante. Quito, Ecuador: INIAP, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina/PROMSA/ FONTAGRO.
Waterhouse GM. 1963. Key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary. Mycological Papers. 92:22.
Blair JE, Coffey MD, Martin FN. 2012. Species tree estimation for the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, and close relatives. PLoS One. 7, e37003.
Bohs L. 2007. Phylogeny of the Cyphomandra Clade of the Genus Solanum (Solanaceae) Based on ITS Sequence Data. Taxon. 56(4):1012. doi:10.2307/25065901
Caten C, Jinks J. 1968. Spontaneous variability of single isolates of Phytophthora infestans. I. Cultural variation. Canadian Journal of Botany. 46(4):329- 348. https://doi.org/10.1139/b68-055
Carter DA, Archer SA, Buck KW. 1990. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA of Phytophthora infestans. Mycol. Res. 94:1123-1128.
Chacón Acosta MG. 2007. Variability of Phytophthora infestans sensu lato in the highland tropics of Ecuador. Zurich, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute ofTechnology Zurich, PhD thesis.
Encuesta de Superficie y Producción Agropecuaria Continua - ESPAC 2016. (2016). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos – INEC. Recuperado de: http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/estadisticas- agropecuarias-2/
Flier WG, Grunwald NJ, Kroon LPNM, van den Bosch GBM, Garay-Serrano E, et al. 2002 Phytophthora ipomoeae sp. nov., a new homothallic species causing leaf blight on Ipomoea longipedunculata in the Toluca Valley of central Mexico. Mycological Research. 106:848-856.
Forbes GA, Ristaino JB, Oliva RF, Flier W. 2012. A rebuttal to the letter to the editor concerning ‘Defining species boundaries in the genus Phytophthora: the case of Phytophthora andina’. Plant Pathology. 61:221–223.
Forbes GA, Morales JG, Restrepo S, et al. 2013. Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora andina on Solanaceous hosts in South America. In: Lamour K (ed), Phytophthora: a global perspective: 48–58. CABI Plant Protection Series, No. 2, UK.
Forbes GA, Gamboa S, Lindqvist-Kreuze H, Oliva RF, Perez W. 2016. Identification of an A2 population of Phythophthora andina attacking tree tomato in Peru indicates a risk of sexual reproduction in this pathosystem. Plant Pathology. 65(7):1109-1117. doi:10.1111/ppa.12531
Galindo J, Hohl HR. 1985. Phytophthora mirabilis, a new species of Phytophthora. Sydowia 38:87-96.
Gomez-Alpizar L, Hu CH, Oliva R, et al. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of Phytophthora andina, a new species from the highlands of Ecuador thatis closely related to the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans. Mycologia. 100:590–602.
Goss EM, Cardenas ME, Myers K, et al. 2011. The plant pathogen Phytophthora andina emerged via hybridization of an unknown Phytophthora species and the Irish potato famine pathogen, P. infestans. PLoS One. 6:e24543.
Griffith GW, Shaw DS. 1998. Polymorphism in Phytophthora infestans: Four mitochondrial haplotypes are detected after PCR amplification of DNA from pure cultures or from host lesions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 64(10):4007-4014.
Kroon L, Bakker F,Vanden Bosch G, Bonants P,Flier W. 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of Phytophthora species based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 41(8):766- 782. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2004.03.007
Martin FN, Blair JE, Coffey MD. 2014. A combined mitochondrial and nuclear multilocus phylogeny of the genus Phytophthora. Fungal Genetics and Biology. 66: 9–32.
Martin MD, Vieira FG, et al. 2015. Genomic characterization of a South American Phytophthora hybrid mandates reassessment of the geographic origins of Phytophthora infestans. Mol. Biol. Evo. 33(2):479-491. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv241
Martin, F. N., Zhang, Y., Cooke, D. E., Coffey, M. D., Grünwald, N. J., Fry, W. E. 2019. Insights into evolving global populations of Phytophthora infestans via new complementary mtDNA haplotype markers and nuclear SSRs. PloS One. 14(1), e0208606.
Mideros MF, Turissini DA, Guayazán N, Ibarra- Avila H, Danies G, et al. 2018. Phytophthora betacei, a new species within Phytophthora clade 1c causing late blight on Solanum betaceum in Colombia. Persoonia: Molecular phylogeny and evolution of fungi. 41:39-55.
Morales J. 2002. Diagnóstico agro socio económico del cultivo de tomate de árbol (Solanum betacea Sendt.) en cuatro provinciasde la sierra ecuatoriana (Imbabura, Pichincha, Tungurahua y Azuay). Tesis de Grado Universidad Central del Ecuador. Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas.
Oliva RF, Kroon LPNM, Chacón G, et al. 2010. Phytophthora andina sp. nov., a newly identified heterothallic pathogen of solanaceous hosts in the Andean highlands. Plant Pathology 59:613–625.
Ordoñez ME, Hohl HR, Velasco JA, Ramon MP, Oyarzun PJ, et al. 2000. A novel population of Phytophthora, similar to P. infestans, attacks wild Solanum species in Ecuador. Phytopathology. 90:197-202. doi:10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.2.197.
Revelo J, Mora E, Reyes M. 2004a. Comportamiento de genotipos comerciales de tomate de árbol a las enfermedades nudo de la raíz, antracnosis del fruto, tizón tardío y mancha negra del tronco. Plegable de divulgación No. 228. INIAP, Promsa.
Revelo J, Pérez E, Maila MV. 2004b. Cultivo ecológico del tomate de árbol en Ecuador: Texto de consulta del estudiante. Quito, Ecuador: INIAP, Estación Experimental Santa Catalina/PROMSA/ FONTAGRO.
Waterhouse GM. 1963. Key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary. Mycological Papers. 92:22.