Genetic impact in Ecuadorian Amazonian communities located in oil producing areas
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Abstract
The exposition to the carcinogenic agents used in the oil industry increment cancer development in the Amazonian communities. According to revised health data, exposed individuals to genotoxic agents present general instability of the human genome. This instability can be measured through analysis of the DNA fragmentation level in individuals exposed to hydrocarbons. For the present study, 23 women who live near oil activity and contamination sources, are considered to be exposed to major contamination environments. Control individuals were 25 women who live in Joya de los Sachas, in the Orellana province, without continuous exposure to genotoxics. The technique used to determine genetic alterations was the Comet Assay. The data obtained indicate that there is an increased risk of cancer, congenital malformation, and abortions in the zones located closer to oil activity. The distance to the contamination source and assimilated genotoxic agents, facilitate the DNA mutation in the cells, originating failures in the repairing systems
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Paz y Miño C, Castro B, López Cortés A, Muñoz MJ, Cabrera A, Herrera C, Maldonado A, Valladares C, Sánchez ME. Genetic impact in Ecuadorian Amazonian communities located in oil producing areas. REMCB [Internet]. 2010Oct.1 [cited 2024Jul.3];31(1-2). Available from: https://remcb-puce.edu.ec/remcb/article/view/39
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Artículos Científicos
References
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Hurtig AK., San Sebastián M .2002. Cáncer en la Amazonía del Ecuador (1985-1998). Instituto de Epidemiología y Salud Comunitaria “Manuel Almunárriz”. Coca, Ecuador.
Bass M., Finer M., Clinton N., Kreft H., Cisneros-Heredia D., McCracken S., Pitman N., EnglishP., Swing K., Villa G., Di Fiore A., Voigt C., Kunz T. 2010. GlobalConservation Significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park.PLoS One 5(1), e8767.
Almeida A.2000. Reseña sobre la historia ecológica de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. En: Martínez E. (ed.).Ecuador post petrolero. Acción Ecológica. Quito, Ecuador.
Vives I., Grimalt J., Guitar R. 2001. Los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos y la salud humana. Apuntes de Ciencia y Tecnología. Asociación para el Avance de la Ciencia y la Tecnología en España (AACTE) 3, 45-51.
Ortiz P., Varea A. 1995. La explotación petrolera en el Ecuador: historia e impactos socioambientales. Marea negra en la Amazonía: Conflictos socioambientales vinculadosa la actividad petrolera en el Ecuador. Abya-Yala. Quito, Ecuador.
IARC.1983. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. International Agency for Research on Cancer Vol 34. Lyon, France.
Mastrangelo G., Fadda E., Marzia V.1996. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cancer in man. Environmental Health Perspectives104(11), 1166-1170.
Nadon L., Siemiatycki J., DewarR., Krewski D., Gerin M. 1995.Cancer risk due to occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 28, 303-324.
Campbell D., Cox D., Crum J., Foster K., Christie P. 1993. Initial effects of the grounding of the tanker Brauer on health in Shetland.British Medical Journal307(6914),1251–1255.
Maldonado A., Saravia A., Valladares C., Álvarez S., Bonilla M., Maldonado P., Supliguicha V. 2008. Estudio del Impacto de la Actividad Petrolera de Perenco en el Bloque 7 de la Región Amazónica Ecuatoriana. Acción Ecológica. Quito, Ecuador. César Paz y Miño, Bernardo Castro, Andrés López-Cortés, María José Muñoz, Alejandro Cabrera,Catalina Herrera, Adolfo Maldonado, Carolina Valladares, María Eugenia Sánchez.
Singh N., McCoy M., Tice R., Schneider E.1988. A simple technique for quantification of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Experimental Cell Research 175(1),184-91.
Monroy C., Cortes A., Sicard D., de Restrepo H. 2006. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of human cells exposed in vitro to glyphosate. Biomedica 25(3), 335-45.
Leroy T., van Hummelen P., AnardD.1996. Evaluation of three methods for the detection of DNA single-strand breaks in human lymphocytes: alkaline elution, nick translation, and single-cell gel electrophoresis. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 47(5),409-422.
Paz y Miño C., Sánchez M.E., Aré-valo M., Muñoz M.J., Witte T.,Oleas De la Carrera G., Leone P. 2007. Evaluation of DNA damage in an Ecuadorian population exposed to glyphosate. Genetics and Molecular Biology 30(2), 456-460.
Paz y Miño C., Dávalos, V.,Sánchez M.E., Arévalo M., LeoneP.2002. Should gaps be included in chromosomal aberration analysis. Evidence based on the comet assay. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis516 (1-2), 57-61.
Paz y Miño C., Bustamante G.,Dávalos V., Burgos R., Pérez J.,Sánchez M.E., Leone P. 2000. Monitoreo citogenético en población ecuatoriana expuesta ocupacionalmente a pesticidas. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas25(1), 15-21.
Kimmerling J., Henriksen S. 1999 .Amazon crude. Natural ResourcesDefense Council. New York, USA.
Jochnick C., Normand R., Zaidi S.1994. Rights violations in the Ecuadorian Amazon: The human consequences of oil development. The Center for Economic and Social Rights.
San Sebastián M. 2000. Informe Yana Curi – Impacto de la actividad petrolera en poblaciones rurales de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. Instituto de Epidemiología y Salud Comunitaria “Manuel Amunárriz”. Ecuador
Centro de Derechos Económicos y Sociales (CDES).1994. Violaciones de derechos en la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. Hombre y ambiente. Abya Yala. Quito, Ecuador. Figura 8. Cometas según distancia a la fuente de contaminación (mecheros).
ARC.1989. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man: Occupational exposures to petroleum refining; crude oil and major petroleum fuels. International Agency for Research on Cancer Vol 45. Lyon, France.
Hurtig AK., San Sebastián M .2002. Cáncer en la Amazonía del Ecuador (1985-1998). Instituto de Epidemiología y Salud Comunitaria “Manuel Almunárriz”. Coca, Ecuador.
Bass M., Finer M., Clinton N., Kreft H., Cisneros-Heredia D., McCracken S., Pitman N., EnglishP., Swing K., Villa G., Di Fiore A., Voigt C., Kunz T. 2010. GlobalConservation Significance of Ecuador's Yasuní National Park.PLoS One 5(1), e8767.
Almeida A.2000. Reseña sobre la historia ecológica de la Amazonía Ecuatoriana. En: Martínez E. (ed.).Ecuador post petrolero. Acción Ecológica. Quito, Ecuador.
Vives I., Grimalt J., Guitar R. 2001. Los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos y la salud humana. Apuntes de Ciencia y Tecnología. Asociación para el Avance de la Ciencia y la Tecnología en España (AACTE) 3, 45-51.
Ortiz P., Varea A. 1995. La explotación petrolera en el Ecuador: historia e impactos socioambientales. Marea negra en la Amazonía: Conflictos socioambientales vinculadosa la actividad petrolera en el Ecuador. Abya-Yala. Quito, Ecuador.
IARC.1983. IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to man: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. International Agency for Research on Cancer Vol 34. Lyon, France.
Mastrangelo G., Fadda E., Marzia V.1996. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cancer in man. Environmental Health Perspectives104(11), 1166-1170.
Nadon L., Siemiatycki J., DewarR., Krewski D., Gerin M. 1995.Cancer risk due to occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 28, 303-324.
Campbell D., Cox D., Crum J., Foster K., Christie P. 1993. Initial effects of the grounding of the tanker Brauer on health in Shetland.British Medical Journal307(6914),1251–1255.
Maldonado A., Saravia A., Valladares C., Álvarez S., Bonilla M., Maldonado P., Supliguicha V. 2008. Estudio del Impacto de la Actividad Petrolera de Perenco en el Bloque 7 de la Región Amazónica Ecuatoriana. Acción Ecológica. Quito, Ecuador. César Paz y Miño, Bernardo Castro, Andrés López-Cortés, María José Muñoz, Alejandro Cabrera,Catalina Herrera, Adolfo Maldonado, Carolina Valladares, María Eugenia Sánchez.
Singh N., McCoy M., Tice R., Schneider E.1988. A simple technique for quantification of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Experimental Cell Research 175(1),184-91.
Monroy C., Cortes A., Sicard D., de Restrepo H. 2006. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of human cells exposed in vitro to glyphosate. Biomedica 25(3), 335-45.
Leroy T., van Hummelen P., AnardD.1996. Evaluation of three methods for the detection of DNA single-strand breaks in human lymphocytes: alkaline elution, nick translation, and single-cell gel electrophoresis. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 47(5),409-422.
Paz y Miño C., Sánchez M.E., Aré-valo M., Muñoz M.J., Witte T.,Oleas De la Carrera G., Leone P. 2007. Evaluation of DNA damage in an Ecuadorian population exposed to glyphosate. Genetics and Molecular Biology 30(2), 456-460.
Paz y Miño C., Dávalos, V.,Sánchez M.E., Arévalo M., LeoneP.2002. Should gaps be included in chromosomal aberration analysis. Evidence based on the comet assay. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis516 (1-2), 57-61.
Paz y Miño C., Bustamante G.,Dávalos V., Burgos R., Pérez J.,Sánchez M.E., Leone P. 2000. Monitoreo citogenético en población ecuatoriana expuesta ocupacionalmente a pesticidas. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas25(1), 15-21.